What is VV Model in Software Testing? Explain Verification and Validation.

V V Model 

This model is called Verification and Validation Model. V V Model is the classic software development model and testing model. For each phase, the subsequent phase becomes the verification (QA) phase and the corresponding testing phase in the other arm of the V becomes the validating (QC) phase.
Testing of the product is planned in parallel with a corresponding phase od development.

Build 

  • An executable file of application which is released from development team.
  • An integrated application with all modules released by the development team is called as a build.

What is Verification in testing ?

  • Verification also known as quality assurance.
  • Verification typically involves reviews and meeting to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements and specifications.
  • It determines consistency, correctness and completeness of Program at each stage.
  • Verification checks whether we are building the product right.
  • Disciplined approach to evaluate whether a software product fulfills the requirements or conditions imposed on them.
  • Also called as static testing.
  • Done by systematically reading the contents of a software product with the intention of detecting defects.
  • Helps in identifying not only the defects but also their location.

Types of Verification are :- 

  • Walkthrough
  • Inspection
  • Technical Review

Walkthrough :- A step-by-step presentation by the author of the document in order to gather information and to establish a common understanding of its content.

  • Meeting led by author.
  • Open-ended sessions.
  • To explain (knowledge transfer) and evaluate the contents of the document.
  • To establish a common understanding of the document.
  • The meeting is led by the authors; often a separate scribe is present.
  • A walkthrough is especially useful for higher-level documents, such as requirement specifications and architectural documents.
Inspection :- A type of peer review that relies on visual examination of documents to detect defects. This is the most formal review technique and therefore always based on a documented procedure.

  • Led by trained moderator (not the author).
  • Help the author to improve the quality of the document under inspection.
  • Formal process based on rules and checklists.
  • Remove defects efficiently, as early as possible.
  • Pre-meeting preparation.
  • Improve product quality, by producing documents with a higher level of quality.
  • Formal follow-up process.
  • Learn from defects found and improve processes in order to prevent similar defects.
Technical Review :- An evaluation of a product or project status to ascertain discrepancies from planned results and to recommend improvements.
  • It is often performed as a peer review without management participation.
  • Ideally it is by a trained moderator, but possibly also by a technical expert.
  • A separate preparation is carried out during which the product is examined and the defects are found.    

Benefits of Verification :-

  • Include early defect detection and correction.
  • Development productivity improvements.
  • Reduced development timescales.
  • Reduced testing time and cost.
  • Fewer defects and improved communication.  


What is Validation Model ?

Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after the verifications are complete. It determines the correctness of a final build with respect to its requirements. It checks whether we have built the right product.
  • Disciplined approach to evaluate whether the final product fulfills its specific intended use.
  • Also called as dynamic testing.
  • Done by systematically testing a software product with the intention of finding defects.
  • Helps in identifying presence of the defects, not their location.

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